Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, remains a significant global health concern. Here’s an overview of its current status worldwide, including symptoms, preventive measures, treatments, and relevant ICD codes.

Global Status of Colon Cancer

As of 2025, colon cancer continues to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. Incidence and mortality rates vary across regions, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and access to screening programs. Notably, there has been an increase in cases among individuals under 50, prompting discussions about lowering the recommended screening age in various countries.

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer may not present noticeable symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can include:

• Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation
  
• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
  
• Persistent abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas, or pain)
  
• A sensation that the bowel doesn’t empty completely
  
• Unexplained weight loss
  
• Weakness or fatigue
  

It’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional if any of these symptoms are observed. 

Preventive Measures

To reduce the risk of developing colon cancer, consider the following lifestyle changes:

• Dietary Choices: Incorporate a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your diet. Limit the intake of red and processed meats.
  
• Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week.
  
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity, particularly excess abdominal fat, has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
  
• Limit Alcohol and Avoid Tobacco: Reduce alcohol consumption and avoid smoking, as both have been associated with a higher risk of colon cancer.
  
• Screening: Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are vital for early detection and prevention. Many health organizations recommend starting screenings at age 45, or earlier for those with a family history of the disease.
  

Medications and Treatments

Treatment options for colon cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include:

• Surgery: Procedures such as polypectomy, partial colectomy, or colostomy may be performed to remove cancerous tissues.
  
• Chemotherapy Regimens:
  
  • FOLFOX: Combines folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin.
    
  • FOLFOXIRI: Includes folinic acid, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.
    
• Targeted Therapy: Medications like bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody, target specific cancer cell proteins to inhibit growth. 
• Immunotherapy: Drugs such as pembrolizumab have been approved for certain cases of metastatic colorectal cancer.
  

ICD Codes for Colon Cancer

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for colon cancer are:

• ICD-10: C18
  
• ICD-11: 2B90
  

These codes are used globally to classify and code all diagnoses, symptoms, and procedures recorded in conjunction with hospital care.

Regular consultations with healthcare providers and adherence to recommended screening schedules are essential for early detection and effective management of colon cancer.